Successful implantation is associated with a transient increase in serum pro-inflammatory cytokine profile followed by a switch to anti-inflammatory cytokine profile prior to confirmation of pregnancy

ObjectiveTo compare the changing peripheral levels of inflammation-related cytokine profile during a 9-day period after blastocyst transfer between women who did and not conceive.DesignProspective, observational, longitudinal study.SettingUniversity-affiliated hospital.Patient(s)Forty-seven with infertility were undergoing single day-5 recruited.Intervention(s)This prospective observational study on 47 was performed in an vitro fertilization unit from December 2018 to August 2019. The amounts range cytokines measured serial blood samples obtained transfer.Main Outcome Measure(s)Serial day embryo transfer, 3, 6, 9 days afterward for measurement serum interferon gamma (IFN-?), tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, IL-18, IL-22 using cytometric bead arrays; transforming growth beta 1 (TGF-?1) commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.Result(s)The similar conceived those transfer. In conceived, IFN-? IL-17 (pro-inflammatory cytokines) exhibited transient significant increase 3 which decreased baseline by 6. Meanwhile, IL-10 (anti-inflammatory cytokine) increased significantly 6 9, TGF-?1 conceive, there more pronounced sustained without switch anti-inflammatory profile.Conclusion(s)Among modest pro-inflammatory (IFN-? IL-17) followed (increase TGF-?1) latter when pregnancy confirmed. To conceive. Prospective, study. University-affiliated hospital. Forty-seven recruited. This Serial kits. profile. Among